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Background and Objective: In view of the growth of published articles, there is an increasing need for studies that summarize scientific research. An increasingly common review is a "methodology scoping review,"which provides a su...
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Background and Objective: In view of the growth of published articles, there is an increasing need for studies that summarize scientific research. An increasingly common review is a "methodology scoping review,"which provides a summary of existing analytical methods, techniques and software that have been proposed or applied in research articles to address an analytical problem or further an analytical approach. However, guidelines for their design, implementation, and reporting are limited.
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Increasing attention has been paid to the risks and benefits of terminating large clinical trials before reaching prespecified targets, because such decisions can greatly affect the implementation of findings. The Department of Ve...
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Increasing attention has been paid to the risks and benefits of terminating large clinical trials before reaching prespecified targets, because such decisions can greatly affect the implementation of findings. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) is a research infrastructure dedicated to conducting high-quality clinical research. A scoping review was performed to characterize barriers preventing the attainment of prespecified recruitment, statistical power, or sample-size targets in VA CSP trials. A trial was eligible for inclusion if the trial was sponsored by the VA CSP, primary findings were published within the last 10 years, and a decision was made to terminate enrollment or follow-up before meeting a priori recruitment or endpoint targets. In 11 of 29 included trials (37.9%), a decision was made to terminate the trial early. The most common reason for early termination was related to under-recruitment (n = 5). Other reasons included early detection of safety signals (n = 2), futility (n = 1), and benefit (n = 1). This review highlights recruitment as a critical facet of trial conduct that may hinder the production of high-quality data and thus warrant additional attention. Solutions to enhance recruitment now implemented by the VA CSP, including dedicated enrollment infrastructure and screening facilitated by informatics approaches, show promise in reducing this cause for early termination. ? The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Aims and objectives To systematically assemble, examine and map the extant literature pertaining to the integration of ethics education in high-fidelity simulation-based learning experiences in nursing undergraduate programmes.
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For researchers, policymakers, and practitioners facing a new field, undertaking a systematic review can typically present a challenge due to the enormous number of relevant papers. A scoping review is a method suggested for addre...
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For researchers, policymakers, and practitioners facing a new field, undertaking a systematic review can typically present a challenge due to the enormous number of relevant papers. A scoping review is a method suggested for addressing this dilemma; however, scoping reviews present their own challenges. This paper introduces the scoping meta-review (SMR) for expanding current methodologies and is based on our experiences in mapping the field of consumer engagement in healthcare. During this process, we developed the novel SMR method. An SMR combines aspects of a scoping review and a meta-review to establish an evidence-based map of a field. Similar to a scoping review, an SMR offers a practical and flexible methodology. However, unlike in a traditional scoping review, only systematic reviews are included. Stages of the SMR include: undertaking a preliminary nonsystematic review; building a search strategy; interrogating academic literature databases; classifying and excluding studies based on titles and abstracts; saving the refined database of references; revising the search strategy; selecting and reviewing the full text papers; and thematically analyzing the selected texts and writing the report. The main benefit of an SMR is to map a new field based on high-level evidence provided by systematic reviews.
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Background Internet interventions are a promising avenue for delivering alcohol prevention to employees. The objective of this scoping review was to map all research on alcohol internet interventions aimed at employees regardless ...
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Background Internet interventions are a promising avenue for delivering alcohol prevention to employees. The objective of this scoping review was to map all research on alcohol internet interventions aimed at employees regardless of design, to gain an overview of current evidence and identify potential knowledge gaps.Methods We conducted a literature search in three data bases (PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science). Eligibility criteria were that (1) the study targeted employees age ≥18 years; (2) the intervention was delivered predominantly online; (3) the study focused specifically or in part on alcohol use; and (4) the study was published in English in a peer-reviewed academic journal. Two reviewers independently screened, reviewed, and extracted data.Results Twenty studies were included, of which 10 were randomized controlled trials, five were secondary analyses, three were feasibility trials, one was a cohort study and one described the rationale and development of an intervention. No qualitative studies were found. Randomized trials tended to show effects when interventions were compared to waitlists but not when more intensive interventions were compared to less intensive ones. We identified two design-related aspects where studies differed; (1) whether all applicants were included regardless of alcohol use level and (2) whether the intervention was explicitly framed as alcohol-focused or not. Significant recruitment problems were noted in several studies.Conclusions Alcohol internet interventions hold promise in delivering alcohol prevention to employees, but heterogeneity in study design and difficulties in recruitment complicate interpretation of findings.Systematic review registration https://osf.io/25x7e/, Open Science Framework.
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The current research sought to identify what skills, knowledge, and behaviours (SKBs) in advocacy engagement are closely associated with information literacy skills. The paper examines what role information literacy (IL) skills pl...
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The current research sought to identify what skills, knowledge, and behaviours (SKBs) in advocacy engagement are closely associated with information literacy skills. The paper examines what role information literacy (IL) skills play in making one an effective advocate by drawing on everyday life situations that involve advocacy such as self-advocacy, social advocacy, patient advocacy, parent advocacy, and policy advocacy. A rapid scoping review was completed using articles published within the last ten years (2008–2019). The articles were retrieved from Academic Search Complete, a multidisciplinary database. The aim of our initial review was to identify what skills, knowledge and behaviours are deemed essential for everyday life situations that involve advocacy. Charting of the literature was then used to map the skills, knowledge and behaviours mentioned in relation to advocacy to information literacy skills. Results showed how the knowledge component in advocacy engagement is closely associated with various IL skills such as finding information, evaluation of information and sharing information. Implications of the study point towards the importance of emphasising IL instruction in broader contexts beyond higher education and/ or academic libraries. The study shows that IL skills are important in the public realm and in primary (elementary) and secondary (high) school contexts as well. Therefore, public librarians and school librarians should be just as engaged in equipping their patrons/clientele with IL skills that may be needed for different types of advocacy such as self-advocacy, parent advocacy and patient advocacy. The study also has implications for humanitarian research and research that involves situations of information poverty as these contexts will often involve advocacy work as well.
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The Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health recently published a review article by Aran et al. (2023) containing important findings about patterns of suicidality in Newcomers. Although the review provided a valuable contribution ...
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The Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health recently published a review article by Aran et al. (2023) containing important findings about patterns of suicidality in Newcomers. Although the review provided a valuable contribution to the literature, there was an issue with misclassification of the type of review and analysis the authors conducted. In this letter, I make the distinction between the relevant types of review and analyses and emphasize the importance of correctly identifying systematic reviews and meta-analyses to help provide clarity in the ongoing debate about the value of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. I recommend Aran et al. (2023) re-evaluate the classification and presentation of their important research to avoid confusion and mitigate potential adverse impacts on the scientific community.
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Abstract Background In contrast to the vast clinical, theoretical, and empirical literature on the impact of trauma, relatively few studies have reviewed the trauma measures that researchers and clinicians can choose to use in the...
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Abstract Background In contrast to the vast clinical, theoretical, and empirical literature on the impact of trauma, relatively few studies have reviewed the trauma measures that researchers and clinicians can choose to use in their work. This scoping review aimed to catalog all trauma measures (trauma exposure and its subjective responses) that have been published in the peer‐reviewed literature, developed for use with adult populations. Method Through a systematic search of the literature and the screening of 19,631 abstracts, a total of 363 unique trauma measures were identified. Result Most of these measures were developed for assessment purposes rather than for clinical screening or diagnostic purposes. Most of these measures are patient‐self‐report measures that assess trauma exposure in the patients' lifetime, or subsequent symptoms, particularly cognitive impairments. Discussion Complications in the trauma literature are highlighted, including the use of very similar abbreviations of measures, substantial discrepancies regarding the definition of trauma, and the general assumption that a potentially traumatic event inevitably leads to traumatic distress rather than a path of resilience.
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Connecting evidence-based public health recommendations to livability, a popular and relatable construct, can increase the policy relevance of research to improve community design. However, there are many different definitions and...
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Connecting evidence-based public health recommendations to livability, a popular and relatable construct, can increase the policy relevance of research to improve community design. However, there are many different definitions and conceptualizations of livability and little consensus about its measurement. Improved measurement, including standardization, is needed to increase understanding of livability’s influence on health and to facilitate comparisons across contexts. This study sought to review existing livability measures, how they were created, and evidence regarding their reliability and validity. A scoping review of three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) identified 744 eligible studies. After screening, 24 studies, 15 from the original search and 9 through backward citation searches, were included in the review. Most studies were carried out in an urban context. There was minimal consensus across studies on the conceptualization of livability. However, measure domains and indicators overlapped significantly. While the process used to validate the measures varied, most studies reported high levels of reliability and found that livability was correlated with similar measures (e.g. place satisfaction, neighborhood safety, and sense of place) and self-reported health and wellbeing. Further research is needed to develop parsimonious, standardized measures of livability in order to create and sustain livable communities worldwide.
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